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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Mass-to-charge ratio ： ウィキペディア英語版 Mass-to-charge ratio The mass-to-charge ratio (''m''/''Q'') is a physical quantity that is most widely used in the electrodynamics of charged particles, e.g. in electron optics and ion optics. It appears in the scientific fields of electron microscopy, cathode ray tubes, accelerator physics, nuclear physics, Auger electron spectroscopy, cosmology and mass spectrometry. The importance of the mass-to-charge ratio, according to classical electrodynamics, is that two particles with the same mass-to-charge ratio move in the same path in a vacuum when subjected to the same electric and magnetic fields. Its SI units are kg/C. Some fields use the charge-to-mass ratio (''Q''/''m'') instead, which is the multiplicative inverse of the mass-to-charge ratio. The 2014 CODATA recommended value for an electron is = .〔(electron charge to mass quotient ). NIST Database〕 ==Origin== When charged particles move in electric and magnetic fields the following two laws apply: : + \mathbf \times \mathbf), |   |(Lorentz force law) |- |$\backslash mathbf=m\backslash mathbf\; =\; m\; \backslash frac\}$ |   |(Newton's second law of motion) |} where F is the force applied to the ion, ''m'' is the mass of the particle, a is the acceleration, ''Q'' is the electric charge, E is the electric field, and v × B is the cross product of the ion's velocity and the magnetic flux density. This differential equation is the classic equation of motion for charged particles. Together with the particle's initial conditions, it completely determines the particle's motion in space and time in terms of ''m''/''Q''. Thus mass spectrometers could be thought of as "mass-to-charge spectrometers". When presenting data in a mass spectrum, it is common to use the dimensionless ''m''/''z'', which denotes the dimensionless quantity formed by dividing the mass number of the ion by its charge number.〔 Combining the two previous equations yields: : $\backslash left(\backslash frac\backslash right)\backslash mathbf\; =\; \backslash mathbf+\; \backslash mathbf\; \backslash times\; \backslash mathbf$. This differential equation is the classic equation of motion of a charged particle in vacuum. Together with the particle's initial conditions it determines the particle's motion in space and time. It immediately reveals that two particles with the same ''m''/''Q'' ratio behave in the same way. This is why the mass-to-charge ratio is an important physical quantity in those scientific fields where charged particles interact with magnetic or electric fields. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Mass-to-charge ratio」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.